Health care career that may experience a lot of turnover and has Essay

Health care career that may experience a lot of turnover and has difficutly retaining people - Essay Example On further investigation it was found that the physicians offices saw the longest tenure of 1.57 years compared to only 0.97 years in the nursing care facilities. Difficulty faced by nurses in the job was the major reason given by them. When nurses were asked about the issues they face in their jobs, they gave several reasons but some of the prominent ones were lack of advancement opportunities, work overload, poor salary, too few staff, and poor organizational culture. Lack of training, poor fit with boss, and not enough access to technology were also some of the other reasons mentioned by them. Work load and too few staff are the issues that are greatly related and can be addressed by recruiting adequate staff, as a long term solution, so that nurses do not have to borne undue pressures that eventually cause burn out and force them to leave the organization. Recruiting sufficient nurses would automatically lessen the workload on each nurse to a reasonable level improving working environment substantially. Regarding the other issues raised by the nurses, the organization needs to have an effective retention policy at place. Motivation and the recognition are the two primary pillars of any retention policy. McConnell (2010) argues that an effective reward system must be in place so that nurses feel motivated. Even suitable incentive schemes must be launched to recognize the good job done by them. From the behavioral view point, nurses must be rewarded suitably when the patients appreciate and give them good feedback at the time of their discharge. Reward system and recognition cannot replace the generous pay scale necessary to retain the good and efficient nurse; nevertheless, they work like a great motivator for the nurses. It is necessary that the supervisor or manager looks at the issue in its entirety so as to eliminate the root causes that are behind high turnover of the

Statement of Goals- Early Childhood Education Essay Example for Free

Statement of Goals- Early Childhood Education Essay My main reason for applying for Early Childhood Education is because I love children. I love working with them. I come from a bigger family. I am the oldest out of five children. I would take care of them all from time to time when ever my parents would go out for a night. Sometimes my parents would leave overnight to go on a little vacation by themselves and I would watch my siblings overnight. I also use to babysit for other people around our community as I was growing up. As I got older and started to think about college, I knew that I wanted to attend a great school that would have a program for Education. After I graduated from high school May of 2010, I took some time to think about the career path that I wanted to follow. A couple months after I graduated from high school, I applied for a job at the Early Explorers Head Start in Anamoose, ND. I did not get the job that I applied for but that was okay because the next day I got a call from the School District offering me another job. They offered me the job of the assistant substitute teacher in the Early Explorers classroom. I accepted the job offer and started working in September of 2010. I loved the job so much. There was also something special in the job for me, my baby brother was also in that class. My experiences have been very rewarding so far and have inspired me to want to continue along this path and seek further knowledge in the field. It truly does mean so much to me knowing that I have helped those children learn so many new things in life that will help them with their social and cognitive development. I loved being able to walk into the classroom and see all of those children run up to me with smiling faces saying that they miss me, asking me if I will be staying the whole day or asking me if I could play or read with them. They make me laugh, they give me hugs, they cheer for my presence and they are so observant. The most amazing feeling of all though is when the children tell me they want to be just like me when they grow up and teach just like me and are able to go in front of the class and teach others what I have just taught them. I have now discovered what I am truly passionate about and am pursuing this passion by continuing my education so that I am able to fulfill my goal of being the best that I could possibly be. This is what has driven me to want to go to Concordia University and continue my education. My long term and professional goals would have to be to finish with my schooling and be the best that I can be. I want to stand in that classroom with pride and joy  knowing that I deserve to be standing there.

Theories of Organizational Behaviour

Theories of Organizational Behaviour Introduction Organization is an influential association or society processing towards the identified target expecting positive outcomes through the specific mission and vision. Each organization is consisting of two main systems, named as technical and social. Technical System regards the way supplies and services proceed and Social system is the employees are organized, trained and consulted. Balance between the technical and the social systems determine the final outcome. Accomplished, flexible and dedicated people are obligatory to facilitate the organization to achieve improved performance. Commonplace industry climate is amplified with the fast modifications and violent competition. It is well-known truth; happy workers who work in the peaceful and supportive environment play the vital role behind any success business story in the todays point of view. Especially in todays context, Organization is seldom succeeded, exclusive of the physically powerful study of organizational behavior because employee job satisfaction is adding extra weighed averaged force to drive the company towards its correct direction reducing the friction occurred due to hostile competition and the complicated employee movements. 1.2 Importance/significance of the organization behavior Recruitment interviews hardly determine the employees attitudes over the assign work as well as the behavior within the working environment. Therefore, Organization Behavior is the most significant measuring tool which helps the Managers to evaluate employee capacities and interactions within their departments. Smooth handling of social system is vital to maintain the quality production. It is not that easy to preserve the peaceful social environment without identifying the attitude and behavior of the people who work for the organization. Todays organizations are frequently tolerated with variable demands, experiencing surprising mutations, and unrest changes in each moment. In this situations, Smart and quick management changes will help and leadership will be more effective to face Screening organization as stopped up system is no longer valid, it is necessity to treat it as a live organized system sharing the resources and the metabolites each other. Organization Behavior assists to keep the institution alive through the globalization. Since organization is a social system, relationships are crucial to the organization for their popularity. Improving quality and productivity solely depends on the positive relationships of the organizations. 1.3 Although, Organization Behavior associates several components this article is restricted for only following four areas. Literature Revive According to the definition, Organization behavior is a study and application of awareness concerning how individuals and groups act in organization. Mainly, Organization behavior can be separated in to two main processes for easy understands. Formal Organization Behavior Each and every employee undergoes with certain law and order towards carried out their duties. Controlling professional movement by applied regulations and condition is known as formal organizational behavior. Example arrival and departure times, leave criterias, uniform requirements etc. Formal organizational behavior helps to keep the organization in correct track but it does enough to produce effective and quality service generating significance. Informal Organization Behavior Informal Organization Behavior that have to do with interactions or relationships among employees in the organization forming a group to give their selves of belongingness and oneness. Informal Organization Behavior is critical and essential for the success. Although workers who work under one roof aiming one direction, they came from different environmental strata. In this situation, organization environment must be employee friendly to motivate all as one team. Organization Behavior is practical behavioral science; it is built upon the contribution from a number of behavioral disciplines such as such as Psychology, Sociology, Social Psychology, Anthropology, etc. Common role of the above mentioned sciences is to build better relationships by achieving human objectives, organizational objectives, and social objectives. 4.1 Leadership All the organizations are driven with a desire to achieve a set of goals. Any organization without a goal will not survive in the present context or simply may not be considered as an organization. Once the goals are set or agreed upon its very important to motivate, supervise, innovate new ideas and make necessary changes in the organization to accomplish them. There are several changes take place in every moment and one may have to adapt different approaches to keep the goals alive. A strong leadership is one of the most significant factors that help to become successful. Good leader should be able to get the maximum service from everybody while providing them a self satisfaction. He should be a person that others could rely upon. Unexpected situations may arise suddenly in any place. Natural disasters, economical hardships, and illnesses are some to be mentioned as some examples. The leadership should take corrective measures instantly to face such changes. The leadership provided by the work foreman during the last years disaster in coal mine in Chile was a good example for such an unexpected situation. His goal was to look after the day to day activities of the mine. But when they faced a situation that had to struggle for life he quickly led everybody to achieve that. He provided them with necessary organizational structure for long survival with whatever the foods available at that moment. He kept everybodys moral and they ended up in success at the end as the group that survived in such a depth in ground for the longest period 4.2 Group behaviour Positive organizational behaviour is essential for an organization to achieve their goals. Understanding the individual and group behaviour is key part of it. The groups attitudes, communication systems, different personalities, abilities (skills), virtues and leadership qualities affect the working capacity of the organization. The managerial structure and the leaders of the organization should identify all these aspects in order to understand the strengths and weaknesses of their workers. The strengths need praises and improvements. Weaknesses should be address promptly with positive approach. Recently most of the government and private sector organizations have started to train new batches of workers together for sometime. This will improve the inter relationships of group members and when they start to work it eases the communication barriers. They tend to work as a group rather than trying their individual skills. The army and other security forces apply the same principals while training small groups for specific targets. They have shown utmost success in this process during the war situations. Sri Lanka is one of the countries with lot of disputes among professionals in health sector. This has become an unpleasant experience to the general public. One of the proposed solutions to overcome this is to train the entire health professional in a single institute as a single group at the beginning. They do things together; learn together for some time developing special bonds among them. Then the various groups will divert in to different training process depending on their requirements and they will have different exit points. Still they will have the opportunity to get together when ever there are common learning and teaching goals. This will minimize the disputes and fighting among them in future while practicing their professions. 4.3 Training and Development The technology, approach, culture and requirements of people change gradually. Even though the changes may not be readily visible they take place in slow pace. The early pick up of these changes and making necessary changes would upgrade the organizations to a leader in the society. Constant training of the workers on the newer developments in the field of technology, especially things like equipments and information technology will keep the organization updated. The one who achieve this goal will ultimately become the winner. The world is facing an uphill task in managing the fossil fuels. The available fossil fuel level is going down and the demand is sky rocketing daily. Various countries are taking different approaches to control the situation. India, China and Korea came forward with small fuel efficient vehicles and now they have become the market leaders ahead of European and Japanese auto makers. The changes are coming in the field of education too. The curricular in universities and schools are changing gradually. The teaching methods are reaching in to different era. More teaching is done with the help of information technology. The face to face teacher student sessions are being replaced with other activities. The students are able to obtain degree and post graduate qualifications online. 4.4 Change of management Change management is an accepted concept in organizations. It will bring forward several changes into an organization to achieve future targets. The mission, vision, leadership, technology, attitude, planning and personal changes have to take place in order to face the current and future challengers. Especially organizations targeting the market need to keep a vigilant eye on the trends. Accurate prediction of their market share and how to improve from the present situation depend on the success of the changes that were adapted. It is very important to monitor the changes applied as to see whether they are reaching towards the set goal. It will be wasting of money and resources if a proper monitoring process is not there to do so. Recent research in to the most demanding jobs in the world revealed that the seven out of ten of the most demanding jobs were not listed as jobs a decade ago. No one had predicted that such a demand will arise for unknown jobs in ten years time. This shows the available scope for the management change to take place in society.

Idle Minds and Wagging Tongues: Conversation in Anna Karenina :: Essays Papers

Idle Minds and Wagging Tongues: Conversation in Anna Karenina Perhaps one of the most striking scenes in Anna Karenina is that of Kitty and Levin’s silent declarations of love to each other, etched out cryptically in chalk on a card table, with each understanding innately the exact words the other was saying (362). With the relationship between Kitty and Levin serving as Tolstoy’s model for a strong and successful love, it appears odd that such a relationship should be founded on silence, and in such sharp contrast to the chatter of Society surrounding the couple at the party. How then are we to understand the significance of conversation in the novel, if the most sincere relationships and understandings are not founded upon dialogue, but on unspoken knowledge? Entire subplots and themes are conveyed through conversations between the characters—the peasant problem and farm management, religion, marriage and faithfulness. Everyone is trying to grasp what a good life is, but the ideas expressed in conversation, however, appe ar quite often to contradict both the inner monologue of the characters and their actions, or fall pathetically short of expressing the power of the feelings of characters. For most of the characters, neither Society banter nor intellectual discourse does justice to their real passions, and even personal exchanges are steeped in insincerity. Unless they find a means to express their passions some other way, they are doomed to a life of dissatisfaction at best, or a tragic end at worst. Within the opening conflict of the novel—Stiva’s affair with the French governess and his wife’s reaction when learning of it—Tolstoy first presents this tension between honesty and speech. Before Dolly and Oblonsky’s exchanges, Tolstoy interposes a short confrontation between Oblonsky and his son, Grisha. Oblonsky is â€Å"conscious of not caring as much for the boy as for the girl, but [does] his best to treat them both alike† (7). Although he says, â€Å"Good morning† to Grisha, Oblonsky’s words are insufficient to mask his inner feelings, and his actions betray him through a â€Å"cold smile† (7). Grisha, significantly, does not reply. To reply with some pleasantness would be to pretend that Oblonsky was sincere in his greeting, and Grisha is too naà ¯ve to use speech to do anything but to tell the truth. Short of accusing his father of not loving him, which he is already old enough to understand would be entirely i nappropriate, he can only remain silent.

Marketing Strategy, Cases

Marketing is a very valuable part of a business; some of the most popular examples of companies who use marketing everyday to help boost sales are McDonald’s, Coca-Cola, Pepsi, and M&M’s. These companies are coming up with new ideas everyday to make the pubic what to buy their products. We know these advertisements and love them. I will discuss some of these examples of marketing and explain why I think marketing is so important. I believe that marketing is the most important part of an organization. It is the main source for getting business. Marketing brings the product to the customer through commercial and advertising, making the consumer want the product, and were to get it. A great example of this is Coca-Cola and Pepsi; there on going rivalry gives the marketing side of their companies something to work with. There are constant taste tests going on, you can go to Schliderbahn and take one. This helps the people pick which one they like best. They also have numerous commercials on prime time Television making the consumer desire to go out and buy a soda. Both Pepsi and Coca-Cola hire famous people to enjoy their product on commercials. This reaches out to us through our heroes and idols. Another great example is McDonald’s they to have commercials enticing the children to come and play and they offer toys in there meals. This gives the children a reason to want to go there and eat. They also hire famous people to enjoy their food on commercials; they also try to incorporate sports into the enticements also. They have catchy songs and jingles that seem to stay with us all through out the day. These are some examples of what I would consider marketing, they are promoting there business through giving the public what they want. â€Å"Marketing is the process of planning and executing the conception, pricing, promotion, and distribution of ideas, goods, services, organizations, and events to create and maintain relationships that will satisfy individual and organizational objectives.† -Contemporary Marketing Wired (1998) by Boone and Kurtz. Dryden Press In this definition of marketing it says to me that the objective to marketing is to take the needs of consumers and are incorporated it into their products to boost the organization. I think this is a great definition. When a company is first starting off it needs to reach the public to make its self-known, get its name into the household. By marketing the products that it has it can effectively find their way into the homes if done correctly, making the business successful. Another example of marketing that comes to mind is, M&M’s they not only came up with a catchy slogan â€Å"Melts in your mouth not in your hands† which everyone knows but they come up with different varieties of colors regularly making buying them interesting. The also have sassy commercials making the consumer feel that getting M&M’s will be fun. They have captured the audience with cute characters that can find there way into our pockets. â€Å"Marketing is a function that works to persuade customers to behave in a way that improves a product’s performance.† – Steve Yastrow My personal definition of marketing is the creativity, ideas, and promotional and innovative concepts to help ensure consumer recognition of the product to boost sales and help establish a client base. I think most companies invest a lot of time and money to Marketing their company and it pays off. Those household names that we know best have put their futures in marketing, making the product something desirable and assessable. Marketing can be a powerful tool for a company, using it in an effective way can make or break a company. Marketing offers a huge variety of opportunities to an organization and will benefit the overall success of the products. Honda Marketing Strategy Honda established the American Honda Motor Company as a subsidiary in 1959. During the 1960's the type of motorcycles brought by Americans underwent a major change. Motorcycle registrations increased by over 800,000 in five years from 1960. In the early 60's the major competitors were Haley – Davidson of U.S.A, BSA, Triumph and Norton of the UK and Motto – Guzzi of Italy. Harley-Davidson had the largest market share with sales in 1959 totaling a6.6 million dollars. Many of the motorcycles produced were large and bulky and this led to the image of the motorcycle rider as being one who wore a leather jacket and went out to cause trouble. The Boston Consulting Group (BCG) report was initiated by the British government to study the decline in British motorcycle companies around the world, especially in the USA where sales had dropped from 49 0n 1959 to 9 0n 1973. The two key factors the report identified was the market share loss and profitability declines a scale economy disadvantages in technology, distribution, and manufacturing. The BCG report showed that success of the Japanese manufacturers started with the growth of their own domestic markets. The high production for domestic demand led to Honda experiencing economies of scale as the cost of producing motorbikes declined with the level of output. This provided Honda to achieve a highly competitive cost position, which they used to penetrate into the US market. † The basic philosophy of the Japanese manufacture is that high volumes per model provide the potential for high productivity as a result of using capital intensive and highly automated techniques. Their marketing strategies are therefore directed towards developing these high model volumes, hence the careful attention that we have observed them giving to growth and market share.† (BCG p.59). The report goes on to show how Honda built up engineering competencies through the innovation of Mr Honda. The company also moved away from other companies who relied upon distributors to sell their bikes when the company set up its headquarters in the west coast of America. The BCG found that the motorcycles available before Honda entered the market were for limited group of people such as the police, army etc. But Honda had a â€Å"policy of selling, not primarily to confirmed motorcyclists but rather to members of the general public who had never before given a second thought to a motorcycle†( SP p.116 ). The small, lightweight Honda Super cub sold at under 250 dollars compared to the bigger American or British machines, which were retailing at around 1000 to 1500 dollars. In 1960 Honda's research team comprised of around 700 designer and engineer staff compared to the 100 or so employed by their competitors showing the value, which the company placed on innovation. Production per man-year was 159 units in 1962, a figure not reached by Harley-Davidson until 1974. Honda was following a strategy of developing region by region. Over a period of four to five years they moved from the west coast of America to the east coast. The report showed the emphasis, which Honda paid to advertising when the company spent heavily on the advertising theme â€Å"you meet the nicest people on a Honda† thereby, disassociating themselves from the rowdy, hell's angel’s type of people. Essentially the BCG is portraying Honda as a firm dedicated to being a low cost producer, utilizing its dominant position in Japan to force entry into the U.S market, redefining that market by putting up the nicest people image and exploiting its comparative advantage via aggressive advertising and pricing. Pascal tends to disagree on many points of the BCG report. The report suggests that there was a smooth entry into the U.S market, which led to an instant success. Pascal argues that Honda entered the American market at the end of the motorcycle trade season showing their impotence to carry out research in the new market. As they entered the market at the wrong time sales were not as good as they should have been and any success was not going to be instantaneous. Pascal also criticizes the assumption that Honda was superior to other competitors in productivity. He says that Honda was successful in Japan with productivity but circumstances indicate that the company was not superior. The lack of funding from the ministry of finance and the ploughing back of profits into inventory meant they had a tight budget to follow. The BCG report shows that Honda had a smooth policy of developing region-by-region, moving from the west to the east. Pascal response is that this is partly true but reminds that Hondas advertising was still in Los Angeles in 1963, four years after setting up their subsidiary. The report to the British government showed that Honda had a deliberate strategy of disassociating themselves from the hells angels’ type of people by following the nicest people advertisement policy. Pascal shows that this was not an intentional move since there were disputes within the company with the director of sales eventually persuading to management against their better judgment. The BCG report found Honda pushed into the U.S market with small lightweight motorbikes. However Pascal says this is again not true. He argues the intended strategy was one of promoting the larger 250cc and 350cc as Honda felt that this was what the market wanted since Americans liked all things large. The bikes were unreliable which led to the promotion of the super cubs. These bikes salvaged the reputation of the company. An idea, which hardly came from an inspired idea but one of desperation. Overall Pascal gives the impression that it was through an incidental sequence of events which led to Honda gaining a strong hold in the U.S market, mainly through the unexpected discovery of a large untapped segment of the market while at the same time trying to retain the interest of the current market. The criticism made by Pascal can be further analyzed by looking at the strengths of the Honda Company. The strengths of Honda start with the roles, which the founders played. Honda was an inventive genius with a large ego and a volatile temperament. His main concerns were Not about the profitability of the company or its products, but rather to show his innovative ability by producing better engines. Fujisawa on the other hand thought about the financial section of the company and how to market the ideas. He often challenged  Honda to come up with better engines. By specializing in their own abilities the two of them were able to pool together resources and function effectively as a team. Another strength was the way the company utilized its market position. Strengths in design advantages and production methods meant they were able to increases sales in Japan even though there was no organization within the company. Once there was a large enough demand for its products, mainly the super cub, Honda both in Japan and in America, moved from a sale on consignment basis to one that required cash on delivery. This seemed a very risky decision to make at the time but within three years they had changed the pattern within the motorcycle industry by shifting the power relationship from the dealer to the manufacturer. Mr. Honda had cultivated a â€Å"success against all odds† culture into the company. This was tested when he sent two executives to the U.S with no strategy other than to see if they could sell something. The weaknesses within an organization can become irrelevant if the strategy is strong and there is good leadership. An element of luck also helped Honda follow an emerging strategy. Restrictions placed on funds by the government for the U.S venture forced Honda to take an alternative route. If they had all the funds necessary they may well have gone through the normal distribution channels. Honda entered the us market right at the end of the motorcycle trade season. When leaking oil and clutch problems occurred on their bikes it did not affect Honda as hard as it would have had they entered in the beginning of the season. Also people noticing the Super cubs led the company to produce a bike, which was not at first supported by senior management. The success of Honda was not the result of senior management coming up with all the answers. In fact senior executives in most Japanese manufacturing companies do not take their strategic positions too seriously. Salesman, cleaners and those working on the manufacturing floor all contribute to the company is run and thereby influence its strategic position. It is this ability of an organization to move ideas from the tom to the bottom and back again in continuous dialogue that the company values the greatest. As a conclusion it is necessary to consider the theoretical side of Hondas strategy and see whether the company was in fact following a model. The first model is the Andrew's model. Andrew came up with the idea that there were two stages to corporate strategy, formulation and implementation. Formulation involved looking at the market, competitors and resources and formulating a corporate strategy, which would be implemented throughout each process of the organizational structure. This model was also supported by Porter. This is how the BCG saw Honda, as a corporation, who had looked at the market, formulated a strategy to cope with the environment and competition pressures and implemented it, making all Hondas plans and activities deliberate. The second model known as the emergent strategy portrays a different image to the Andrews model and shows how Pascal viewed Honda. The model shows a realized strategy made up from an intended strategy together with an emergent strategy, which is not planned but emerges in relation to activities within the environment.

Dazed And Confused Movie Review essays

Dazed And Confused Movie Review essays What would come to mind when thinking about the late seventies. Most people would say drugs, sex, and music. That is the exact plot of Dazed and Confused. It actually describes the whole movie in the two-word title. Dazed and Confused brings many people back to the most enjoyable years of their life, and many teenagers to only wish to live in that decade. This film was written and directed by Richard Linklater, who was and is still not to well known by the public, although has done many different types roles. Linklater uses his original directing styles in this movie by focusing on one major character and tying his life into the rest of his friends. Trying to give the viewer a look into as many teen perspectives as possible. In 1988 he wrote, produced, directed, and acted in a movie titled Its Impossible to Learn to Plow by Reading Books, which is quite impressive for his role in a movie ever. He also later assisted in movies such as Spy Kids, Newton Boys, and Good Will Hunting. What made this film an unbelievable knockout was a combination of all the necessities. Linklater blended outstanding, young talent, a magnificent cast, perfect directing, and amazing story line all in a tight little package. The film starts out with a dramatic camera angle that zooms in and an all time classic Aerosmith song blears. It is the last day of school in 1976, and the main characters are introduced all by either smoking, doing drugs, talking about drugs, or talking about partying. How else would a movie like this be introduced? So good that a poll of 6628 votes taken on the IMDB web site, and it earned a rank of seven and a half stars out of ten and three stars out of five from the famous critic Ebert. The movie goes on to a freshman hazing that links the seniors and freshmen together. Since it is the seniors last day of school, what else is there to do except party. The rest of the night are concentrated on...

Free Essays on Strategies Of Andrew Jacksons Presidency

To understand the rapid changes the United States experienced during Jackson’s presidency, one must consider the upbringing and beliefs of Andrew Jackson, the cultural shifts that took place among Americans, and the dramatic political revolution that took place during this era. Alexis de Tocqueville’s Democracy in America attempted to describe these changes to the world, as well as outline his predictions for future generations. In his composition, Tocqueville describes the overwhelming personal freedom that Americans enjoy, and how the political system as well as everyday life is shaped by this privilege. European ideals at the time were vastly different because of their aristocratic political system, where average citizens did not engage in politics at any level. When researching American local governments, Tocqueville was amazed by its structure as well as the enthusiasm and interest of its constituents, although obsession with equality led to the election of unde sirable candidates. One might accept that the statement above implies that Andrew Jackson should have been considered an undesirable candidate because of his tough upbringing and rebellious views on American liberty. However, as a child of poor immigrants who worked hard to obtain an education and proved himself as an American military hero reflects the American dream of today as well as in his era. Jackson’s image as a tough frontier hero set him apart for the learned and privileged gentlemen from Virginia and Massachusetts who had monopolized the presidency up to 1828. The profound economic growth after 1815 gave hope of prosperity to the common man and woman. Historians point to the booming population of the Northeast region as the major factor for change in transportation and western expansion, as small farmers fought to purchase new lands to earn greater profits. Jobs became plentiful, particularly in the manufacturing and railroad industries, as transpo... Free Essays on Strategies Of Andrew Jackson's Presidency Free Essays on Strategies Of Andrew Jackson's Presidency To understand the rapid changes the United States experienced during Jackson’s presidency, one must consider the upbringing and beliefs of Andrew Jackson, the cultural shifts that took place among Americans, and the dramatic political revolution that took place during this era. Alexis de Tocqueville’s Democracy in America attempted to describe these changes to the world, as well as outline his predictions for future generations. In his composition, Tocqueville describes the overwhelming personal freedom that Americans enjoy, and how the political system as well as everyday life is shaped by this privilege. European ideals at the time were vastly different because of their aristocratic political system, where average citizens did not engage in politics at any level. When researching American local governments, Tocqueville was amazed by its structure as well as the enthusiasm and interest of its constituents, although obsession with equality led to the election of unde sirable candidates. One might accept that the statement above implies that Andrew Jackson should have been considered an undesirable candidate because of his tough upbringing and rebellious views on American liberty. However, as a child of poor immigrants who worked hard to obtain an education and proved himself as an American military hero reflects the American dream of today as well as in his era. Jackson’s image as a tough frontier hero set him apart for the learned and privileged gentlemen from Virginia and Massachusetts who had monopolized the presidency up to 1828. The profound economic growth after 1815 gave hope of prosperity to the common man and woman. Historians point to the booming population of the Northeast region as the major factor for change in transportation and western expansion, as small farmers fought to purchase new lands to earn greater profits. Jobs became plentiful, particularly in the manufacturing and railroad industries, as transpo...

The Lord Of The Flies Essays - English-language Films, Allegory

The Lord Of The Flies Essays - English-language Films, Allegory The Lord Of The Flies William Golding uses much symbolism in his novel, The Lord of the Flies, to help readers gain a greater understanding of his message. He uses symbolism in three important areas: objects that have symbolic value as references to ideas, characters that symbolize important historical and religious people, and the setting which frames the conflicts on the island in comparison to the whole world. Objects are the first part of the story that are symbolic. Many objects in The Lord of the Flies have important symbolic value. The conch shell represents power and authority, and Ralph uses it to call for the boys to come to meetings. Whoever has the shell has the power to talk. The conch shows how people use objects to give power, like a crown, sceptre, or other thins that show who has power. We also learn that objects dont really give power when people choose not to obey it, like Ralphs conch. The pigs head, or Lord of the Flies, is an important object. To Jack it is a sacrifice for the beast. This object shows that people will make religions and rituals to control their world, even when what they think is not true. The Lord of the Flies is also a symbol of Satan, or the Devil. When Simon talked with the Lord of the Flies, he learned what the real evil was, which is the evil in peoples hearts. The Lord of the Flies is a symbol of the things we make up to be the cause for evil, when those things arent the real reason. The fire is a symbol of hope and rescue. When the fire was burning bright, it was because the boys were working hard to get rescued. When the fire burnt out, it was because many boys, like Jack, didnt care anymore about being rescued. In the end, the fire that got them rescued was not meant for rescue. It was there because Jack was burning down the island to kill Ralph. This shows us that we get things from luck instead of hard work. The objects in the story are used by characters that also have symbolism. The many different characters on the island are symbols of important people. They show how the real world is made up of people. Ralph is a good leader who cannot control bad people like Jack. Ralph is like Franklin Roosevelt before World War II who could not stop the war from breaking out. He also represents democracy, and is responsible. The boys wanted to do what they wanted, but Ralph couldnt stop them. Piggy represents educated people who give advice but nobody listens to them. Piggy was like Albert Einstein because people didnt care that he thought the atomic bomb was bad weapon. Simon was a symbol of Jesus Christ because he knew the truth about the beast, but the boys killed him when he came to tell them the truth. Jack was a symbol of Adolf Hitler. He was a crazy leader who killed many people because he wanted power. Like Hitler Jack was dictatorial and ignorant. Jack started his own tribe when they should stay with Ralph, and Jack killed Simon and didnt care. Roger is even worse than Jack, even though he isnt like that at the start. He is like Dr. Mengele who was Hitlers worker and did very bad operations on people, worse than Hitler. Roger is like this because he makes stick sharpened at both ends. All these people live in an island that is like the rest of the world. The setting of The Lord of the Flies is backdrop that makes it easy to see the boys wickedness compared to the wickedness of the world and people in general. World War II is going on while the story happens. The parachuter, that the boys think is the beast, shows that they cannot get away from war, and they have war themselves later. Parts of the island are also important. The beach is important because it is where Simon dies, and also where the boys live. Castle Rock is important because this is where the tribe goes to live. It is very small, with no food or soft ground, but the boys still go there because they can defend it. They think they must fight the beast and other boys, but they really have nothing to be afraid of from the

Unit 1 -IP- Research Strategy Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

Unit 1 -IP- Research Strategy - Essay Example Consequently, crime rate in US is increasing at a consistent rate for last two decades. At the same time, it is suggested to law enforcement agencies to cultivate a culture of critical information sharing in the public through offering financial rewards. In this way, people will get motivated towards pointing out criminals in the society. This development may well serve as a substitute for unannounced public surveillance (Koppen, Eleffers, & Ruiter, 2011). In parallel, this paper will accumulate necessary information about the phenomenon of public surveillance, through series of focus group discussion with governmental officials in order to document their viewpoint. On the other hand, public opinion will also be summarized through a similar technique (Muller, 2011). Notably, this research will develop its argument through qualitative means. Because, of the subjective nature of issue at hand. In this way, interviewers can abstract meanings from other sources such as body language and other similar factors. On the ethical front, this research will not disclose any participant’s identity. At the same time, the research procedure will be kept transparent through reporting the views of public and government in their original form (Sofaer & Eyal, 2010). However, general public management implications may be derived from the information collected. Koppen, M., Eleffers, H., & Ruiter, S. (2011). When to Refrain from Using Likelihood Surface Methods for Geographic Offender Profiling: An Ex Ante Test of Assumptions. Journal of Investigative Psychology and Offender Profiling 8 ,

Terrorism Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words - 1

Terrorism - Essay Example Strongly believing in the cause a person is fighting for, therefore, proves to be the key factor that drives a person into committing acts of terror.2 From a psychological standpoint, it becomes clear the influence people’s beliefs have on their actions. Prominent, social Psychologists advance that people conform to the beliefs of a group in order to find acceptance from other members. Therefore, they adopt their beliefs without questioning them; fearing rejection from the rest. These scholars further posit that people within a group rarely stop to question the beliefs shared by other group members. The psychological, emotional, social and physiological wellbeing brought about by belonging to a group ensures people go out of their way to preserve their positions within the group. In addition, there exists a faction of dominant, leaders within these groups who formulate the code of conduct of group members. Research in Psychology shows that people tend to gravitate towards domi nant, authoritative individuals. They do this by sharing in these people’s believes even when these believes prove to be wrong. This is because these dominant individuals provide their followers with a standard, which can be used to justify their actions.2 Looking at separate acts of terror committed around the world, helps to show how belief plays a crucial role in leading a person to terrorism. ... Dictators played with their followers’ psychological make-up. They did this by twisting their thoughts into believing that their actions were right despite the selfish motives behind their agendas. They understood people’s main weakness of needing something to believe, which gave them a sense of purpose in their lives. In Hitler’s case, he made most Germans believe in the superiority of their race while he rallied for them to commit inhumane acts towards people of other races especially the Jews. As a result, an estimate of about six million Jews lost their lives under the hands of German soldiers in the Holocaust. German soldiers found nothing wrong in their actions because they adored and believed everything Hitler said and further used it to justify their actions. The inhumane treatment of people within the concentration camps spread out all over Germany, and advocacy for World War I & II resulted under the influence of Hitler on people’s beliefs.1 Reli gious beliefs also play a vital role in the guiding of people towards committing acts of terror. Many people around the world gravitate towards believing in a supernatural entity. In most cases, people join religions and begin to believe in the doctrines advanced by these religions because these religions reinforce their faith by giving them something to believe in consistently. Looking back at the history of the Roman Catholic Church, it is apparent that many people gravitated towards this religion because it was the most widespread religion at the time. People believed in the holiness of the papacy and the Holy Mother Church. Therefore, those chosen to form the church’s army believed that their killing sprees were justifiable despite the irony that the command to kill

GENDER DIFFERENCES Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

GENDER DIFFERENCES - Essay Example Nature vs. Nurture has been seen as one of the reasons why the actions of boys and girls are so conflicting and different from each other. According to Alan Dix, there is not a very significant difference between the average general IQ scores of men and women. However; when it comes to spatial and linguistic skills, the differences do exist. As research suggests, females have greater linguistic skills while their male counter parts are better when it comes to visual-spatial skills. (Dix 2002) Both, genetics and environment, play an important role in the formation of personalities but it gets extremely difficult to analyze and differentiate between them. One cannot determine the effects between inborn genetic talents and family influenced development. According to Woo Moo Hurh, it is almost impossible for human beings to survive and exist without nature as well as nurture. He also raises a question about whether men and women act differently because of biological differences or because of culturally specified gender-roles that have been assigned to them. (Woo Moo Hurh 2000) There were higher rates of bipolar disorder and neurosis amongst women whereas the rates of personality or character disorder were higher amongst men, regardless of time or place. This means that men are more likely to behave anti-socially and get into drug and alcohol addiction and while women are more prone to suffer from neurosis and manic depression. (Woo Moo Hurh 2000) Is it very evident that boys and girls function differently and this can be considered as one of the main reasons why scientists have been researching for years to find out why these differences exist? A study shows that boys and girls use different strategies to explain and solve mathematical problems. This difference in strategic thinking can be seen in children when they are only in first grade. People might argue that this difference exists because of genetics but in reality, it is more than

Arbitration Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Arbitration - Assignment Example O’Connell are of equal argument, this implies that the teacher failed his stance on the burden of proof. In short, the tie moves to the defendant as he does not have to provide proof of anything. Therefore, the defense in such a case can freely poke flaws in the plaintiff’s case. If the teacher-student were to successfully prove of the wrongs done against him in the punishment, then the case must be accepted as true by the arbitrator. This would mean that the case is beyond reasonable doubt. The size and task carried by the gym teacher are of relevance to the case as Mr. O’Connell testified that the student pushed him. Averaging from the size of most seventh-grade students, a mature adult is no match for such. Therefore, this should not have been a justification to lift the student from the back in a harassing manner. Again, as an African-American, the student’s orientation is worth concern to the incident. Mr. O’connel should have his past reviewed of his encounters with other students of such race. It could reveal a trend probably missed in the investigation. The administration’s take on Mr. O’Connell past discipline cases that went unpunished are also of relevance to the case. The classification of discipline cases by the administration should also be evaluated. Questions must also be raised on the possibility that he has had similar or worse scenarios that have gone untold by students for fear of suspension or such threats. Mr. O’Connell was unjust. In an arbitrator’s point of view, the student’s past ought also to be the question, the background, and emotional stress should be evaluated. Given that the conversation between the student and Mr. O’Connell before Mr. Smith’s arrival was not document, this leaves flaws questioning the eligibility of the generalization to the term obscenities. Could it have been possible that the teacher triggered the harsh conversation or was it the student? African American students have a

What you want Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1750 words

What you want - Essay Example Through this paper, I will share my life experience from my own perspective of being in a country that has a mixture foreign students and professionals from different cultural, religious and ethnic backgrounds. This will be done in relation to the concepts highlighted in The Fifth Agreement: A Practical Guide to Self-Mastery by Don Miguel Ruiz, Don Jose Ruiz and Janet Mills. Humans are unique basing on how they were brought up, cultural background, religion, education level and a myriad of many other factors. However, we are all humans and our brothers’ keepers. I have previously been both hurt and encouraged by the words of others towards me and also hurt others by my words towards them. This has a direct bearing with the book The Fifth Agreement: A Practical Guide to Self-Mastery. In their first agreement, Ruiz, Ruiz and Mills (38) urge readers to be impeccable with their word. On the contrary, I have seen students from my years in schools and employees in my professional career suffer emotionally and psychologically from what a colleague said recklessly. This was mainly through stereotypes that people have against different cultures, ethnicities or even races. This remains a major problem both among individuals and societies because they do not want to seek out the truth first before openly airing their views but rather, only rely on age-old s tereotypes. While The Fifth Agreement: A Practical Guide to Self-Mastery teaches that people should speak with integrity and only say what they mean, the opposite is being done. I now realize that the perpetrators should have taken their time to learn more about their targets. This will contribute in mutual social cohesion and avoid hurting others. For example, I was once told in school that I was not fit to sit at a certain table in the cafeteria because of my ethnicity, yet it was the only one with space and I ended up eating standing.

History of Development Exxon Mobil Research Paper

History of Development of Exxon Mobil - Research Paper Example In 1870, Standard Oil Company with Rockefeller and his associates transformed the Exxon Mobile and the combined facilities became the main basis of what had been known as the largest refining capacity of any single company in the world. Standard had been carried as a name due to fact that the word means uniform which pertains to the quality of the oil products. In the same decade, specifically in 1879, the Standard Oil Co. owned a significant part of the Vacuum Oil Company, a pioneer in lubricant products. The company which was established by Matthew Ewing and Hiram Bond Everest was known for products such as the revolutionary Gargoyle 600-W Steam Cylinder Oil (ExxonMobil Site). In the same year, the Standard Oil Trust had been established in cooperation with 30 affiliated companies (Tracy, Tordo and Arfaa 15). In the next decade, 1880, the domestic share in the refining of the company increased to 95 percent (Tracy, Tordo and Arfaa 15). In 1882, the Standard Oil products were used for Thomas Edison’s first central generating system. In the same year, the Standard Oil Companies in New Jersey and New York were included in the Trust. The headquarters of Standard Oil Trust then moved to Broadway, New York in a 9-story office which became one of the most important landmarks in the city. Also in the same year, the Gargoyle Arctic was developed by Vacuum and used for new designs of generators and motors for a maximum speed of 1000 rpm (ExxonMobil Site). The new century still opened new opportunities for the company. In 1903, the Wright brothers were included in the loyal clients of Jersey Standard fuel and Mobiloil lubricants by Vacuum.

Arbitration Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Arbitration - Assignment Example O’Connell are of equal argument, this implies that the teacher failed his stance on the burden of proof. In short, the tie moves to the defendant as he does not have to provide proof of anything. Therefore, the defense in such a case can freely poke flaws in the plaintiff’s case. If the teacher-student were to successfully prove of the wrongs done against him in the punishment, then the case must be accepted as true by the arbitrator. This would mean that the case is beyond reasonable doubt. The size and task carried by the gym teacher are of relevance to the case as Mr. O’Connell testified that the student pushed him. Averaging from the size of most seventh-grade students, a mature adult is no match for such. Therefore, this should not have been a justification to lift the student from the back in a harassing manner. Again, as an African-American, the student’s orientation is worth concern to the incident. Mr. O’connel should have his past reviewed of his encounters with other students of such race. It could reveal a trend probably missed in the investigation. The administration’s take on Mr. O’Connell past discipline cases that went unpunished are also of relevance to the case. The classification of discipline cases by the administration should also be evaluated. Questions must also be raised on the possibility that he has had similar or worse scenarios that have gone untold by students for fear of suspension or such threats. Mr. O’Connell was unjust. In an arbitrator’s point of view, the student’s past ought also to be the question, the background, and emotional stress should be evaluated. Given that the conversation between the student and Mr. O’Connell before Mr. Smith’s arrival was not document, this leaves flaws questioning the eligibility of the generalization to the term obscenities. Could it have been possible that the teacher triggered the harsh conversation or was it the student? African American students have a

History of Development Exxon Mobil Research Paper

History of Development of Exxon Mobil - Research Paper Example In 1870, Standard Oil Company with Rockefeller and his associates transformed the Exxon Mobile and the combined facilities became the main basis of what had been known as the largest refining capacity of any single company in the world. Standard had been carried as a name due to fact that the word means uniform which pertains to the quality of the oil products. In the same decade, specifically in 1879, the Standard Oil Co. owned a significant part of the Vacuum Oil Company, a pioneer in lubricant products. The company which was established by Matthew Ewing and Hiram Bond Everest was known for products such as the revolutionary Gargoyle 600-W Steam Cylinder Oil (ExxonMobil Site). In the same year, the Standard Oil Trust had been established in cooperation with 30 affiliated companies (Tracy, Tordo and Arfaa 15). In the next decade, 1880, the domestic share in the refining of the company increased to 95 percent (Tracy, Tordo and Arfaa 15). In 1882, the Standard Oil products were used for Thomas Edison’s first central generating system. In the same year, the Standard Oil Companies in New Jersey and New York were included in the Trust. The headquarters of Standard Oil Trust then moved to Broadway, New York in a 9-story office which became one of the most important landmarks in the city. Also in the same year, the Gargoyle Arctic was developed by Vacuum and used for new designs of generators and motors for a maximum speed of 1000 rpm (ExxonMobil Site). The new century still opened new opportunities for the company. In 1903, the Wright brothers were included in the loyal clients of Jersey Standard fuel and Mobiloil lubricants by Vacuum.

The Casebook of Sherlock Holmes Essay Example for Free

The Casebook of Sherlock Holmes Essay The Casebook of Sherlock Holmes is a collection of twelve short stories written by Sir Arthur Conan Doyle and published in 1927, three years before his death. They are the last stories recounting the adventures of the brilliant, enigmatic detective, Sherlock Holmes and his friend Dr, Watson. Extremely popular in Victorian and Edwardian England, these crime mysteries have remained popular throughout successive generations and Sherlock Holmes himself is perhaps the most famous of all fictional detectives. In total, Conan Doyle wrote four novels and fifty- six short stories featuring Sherlock Holmes, beginning in 1887 with his short story, A Study in Scarlet. He went on to write: The Sign of Four, The Adventures of Sherlock Holmes, The Memoirs of Sherlock Holmes, The Hound of the Baskervilles, The Return of Sherlock Holmes, The Valley of Fear and His Last Bow. Desperate to concentrate on more serious work, Conan Doyle had attempted to kill off Holmes in The Final Problem, but had revived him in 1904 with The Return of Sherlock Holmes and again in The Casebook of Sherlock Holmes, so great was the Victorian publics desire to read more stories about Holmes with his cold, scientific approach to crime solving. The setting is Victorian England, primarily Victorian London and Holmess address of 221B Baker Street. The dialogue is formal, as Holmes mixes with the upper strata of society. The descriptions are vivid and detailed, often using metaphor or simile: A red-veined nose jutted out like a vultures head and two fierce grey eyes glared at me from under tufted brows (The Blanched Soldier) The first story is that of The Illustrious Client. Baron Adelbert Gruner was a cunning devil, who was planning to marry Violet De Merville, daughter of General De Merville. The illustrious client asks for Holmes to help prevent the marriage taking place. In his attempt to do so, he suffers a monstrous attack by Gruner. But, in the end, the handsome Gruner is horrendously disfigured and the truth of his wickedness disclosed. Watsons account of the attack is particularly harrowing: The vitriol was eating into it everywhere and dripping from the ears and chin The features, which I had admired a few minutes before were now like some beautiful painting over which the artist had passed a wet foul sponge. The passage vividly and grotesquely describes the transformation from beauty to monster. Gruner becomes physically the monster he is mentally. In The Blanched Soldier, James Dodd employs Holmes to find the whereabouts of his friend and former comrade, Godfrey Emsworth, with whom he had served in the Boer War. It is Holmes, and not Watson who, for once, tells the story of how by analysis and deduction, he locates the soldier: That process, said I [Holmes] starts upon the supposition that when you have eliminated all which is impossible, then what remains, however improbable, must be the truth Hence, the ghostly face at the window is actually the real Emsworth, protected by his parents, because of his suspected leprosy, which fortunately turns out to be only pseudo-leprosy or ichtbyosis. It is suggested that fear alone may have produced the white blotches his mental state had altered his physical state. It is the above process that defines Sherlock Holmess method of detection by deduction and is the forerunner of todays forensic science. The method of deduction stems directly from Doyles own experiences as a student under surgeon who employed similar techniques for diagnosis. So, Sherlock Holmes is the main protagonist in this, at times disturbing, selection of stories. He is the clear- headed, analytical detective; interested only in the cold facts of the case, however minor they seem. Hence, he wanted to know what newspaper was being read by the little man in the house in the grounds of Tetbury Old Park. He is always remarkably observant and objective. Watson, his friend, is very different and a more sympathetic character. But all the characters are believable, colourful and interesting within the settings of the stories. Unfortunately, the stories were difficult to actually become interested in, due to the slow start, which did not inspire me to continue reading. Initially I found the formal style of writing and the language somewhat difficult. Also, some are rather too grisly, but this obviously appealed to the Victorian mentality willing to be thrilled by the very worst crimes and intrigues. Undoubtedly, they are great crime mysteries and I did enjoy them.

Analysis of Apple and its marketing strategies

Analysis of Apple and its marketing strategies This report analyses information and facts on the apple iPad in relation to the product itself and the marketing strategies of Apple. It provides an over view of the product such as the brand, pricing and application. The report focus on the identification and development of the primary target markers to create a profile which will help explain the product life cycle of the iPad. In Australia both models of the iPad were released in May 28, 2010 this report will cover both of these. Apples iPad is already huge. In fact, after just its first quarter of sales, its already the companys third-biggest business segment. In the June quarter, the iPad business generated $2.2 billion of revenue for Apple. Thats more than Apples iPod business generated last quarter $1.5 billion. (Though the cheaper iPod obviously had larger unit sales.) And its almost half as big as Apples 26-year-old Mac business, which put in its best quarter ever at $4.4 billion. Very impressive. And the fact that the ipad and Mac can apparently coexist is especially good news for Apple. Read more: http://www.businessinsider.com/chart-of-the-day-ipad-ipod-mac-2010-7#ixzz0xOXGC2sE Frommer (2010, p.1 of 4) Introduction This report has been prepared to provide facts, details and information relating to the Apple iPad. The best way to experience the web, email, photo and video. Hands down. Apple (2010, p.1 of 7). This quote is taken from Apples website on the iPads features, it shows the way Apple has chosen to market and present the iPad as the one shop for an ever changing environment in which we are always on the move. 2.0 Overview 2.1 The Brand The growth of Apple around the world has led to expantial growth in sales of Apple products since the start of the company on April 1, 1976 .The Company was founded by Steve Jobs, Steve Wozniak, and Ronald Wayne, with Ronald selling his share in the company back to Jobs and Wozniak for $800 in 1977. From 1976 until 1982 Apple released three personal computers, these were all over priced and werent taken up by the market. Then Apple released its iMac along with its new g laptop range as Steve Jobs returned and we also saw an increase in 1996 of the share price to $24.19 followed by another substantial increase in 1998 with the release of the iMac, shares hit $41.00. 10 Jan 2006 15à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ³ Macbook Pro and iMac 28 Feb 2006 Mac mini 24 April 2006 17à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ³ Macbook Pro 13 May 2006 13à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ³ Macbook 7 Aug 2006 Mac Pro Below is the Apple Product Timeline (Wikipedia, 2010, p1) This timeline of Apple products is a list of all stand-alone Apple II, Macintosh, and other computers, as well as computer peripherals, expansion cards, software, ancillary products, and consumer electronics sold by Apple Inc. in order of introduction date ( Wikipedia, 2010, p1). 2.2 The iPad The Apple iPad was released on two different dates depending on the model you wanted: the Wi-Fi model (U.S.) April 3, 2010  (2010-04-03) and Wi-Fi + 3G Model (U.S.) April 30, 2010. It was released May 28, 2010 worldwide with pre order numbers going into the thousands. The Technical Specifications are as following: -Wireless and cellular support with the production of two different models one with wireless and cellular and one with just wireless. -Apples own 1 GHz Apple A4 chip this is the same used in the iphone 4. The storage in the iPad is 16 64 GB of Flash storage; flash is the fastest current storage method in terms of types of hard drive Bluetooth 2.1 802.11n this is the latest standard of wireless technology with transfer rates of up to 600 Mbit/s being achieved Speaker, microphone and 30-pin connector 9.7 inch IPS LED backlit LCD combined with 10 hours of battery life Half an inch thick Accelerometer and Compass and Assisted GPS and Digital Compass (3G version only) 3G UMTS/HSPDA and GSM/EDGE data (optional) 3.5mm headphone jack VGA out support or AV out via dock connector and converter cable. Warren (2010, p.1 of 5) 2.3 The applications use in everyday life There has been a huge push in the applications available for the iPad with the main updates coming in games that rely on the motion senses in the iPad, social networking applications such as flip board and the last area is business applications such as filemaker. The games are one of the reason the iPad had been such a great success with the world market. This is because people are now looking for new ways to entertain themselves when they are moving around during their day whether this be on trains and buses or when they are waiting for events to start. The iPad is able to play games in high definitions this creates a better and sharper image for the user with games such as Real Racing HD and Touch grind HD. The social network craze has hit the western world with Flipboard, a so-called social magazine viewable on tablet computers that offers content drawn from online social networking sites.  The Apple iPad is said to be the ideal means of reading Flipboard.  McCue is said to wa nt to make technology simple and Flipboard does this for online social networking by making it more accessible. This app pulls links, photos and events directly for social network sites which puts every that people view and look for very day in one place making life simpler. The business side of the iPad is greatly increasing as well with apps like filemaker a Mac database manager. Michaels (2010) the CEO of Apple stated The iphone may fit in your pocket, and the iPad may not be much larger than a hardcover book, but FileMaker thinks it can fit an entire database application on each device.   This evolution of being able to access your data bases and edit it on the fly via 3g wireless connection has huge advantages such as increasing productivity, efficiency and effectiveness. Its easier to carry and offers longer battery life than most notebooks which allows it to work well with other apps like macpractice. Macpractice is a Mac package that has all the needed and extra features f or a doctors office. These are some of the reasons I believe that the iPad is slowly becoming a must have product in the 21st century. 3.0 Primary Product Markets 3.0 Product Markets The Apple iPad has come into the market as a niche product but all at a risk to one of Apples largest markets their laptops. This is because the iPad doesnt really seem to sit anywhere as it is not quite a smartphone and so far not your laptop. So what is the Apple iPad being marketed as , my understanding is that it is being marketed as a product to be used wirelessly for business needs to improve productivity and effectiveness or for personal needs such as having a common calendar or phonebook and step-by-step videos. 3.1 Demographic The Definition: a statistic characterizing human populations (or segments of human populations broken down by age or sex or income etc.) The demographic of the iPad is complicated because the people buying them are sometimes not the ones necessary using them. The typical person buying ipads are upper class men and women, can be people with one or more incomes and usually aged between 24-40 years old. The other variables such as family size, race, ethnicity and education do not matter with this product. This is because the main barrier stopping people from purchasing this product is the price. With iPod touch prices at A$289.00 for an 8gb and the cheapest macbook(laptop) coming in at A$1249.00 and a iphone 16GB is A$ 859.00 and the cheapest ipad is A$629 for a 16gb Wi-Fi model. This is why Apple released the ipad to be the in between for a iPod touch and macbook. 3.2 Geographic The Definition: study of the earths surface; includes peoples responses to topography and climate and soil and vegetation. The geographic of the iPad is very similar to most technological products with the main market sales being in capital cities with high population areas the highest users and purchases of iPads. Below is a table of shops that stock the sale of iPads in Perth. Shop Name Number of Stores Online store Apple Store 1 Yes Dick Smith 3 yes Next Byte 2 no ProByte 1 yes PRA Imaging 1 Yes T4 Technology 1 No MAXstyle 1 Yes David Jones 1 No Jb Hi-Fi 10 Yes Mac Worx Joondalup 1 No Winthrop UWA 1 No XCITELOGIC PTY LTD 1 No Domayne 1 No Myer 1 No total 26 3.3 Psychographic The Definition: any attributes relating to personality, values, attitudes, interests, or lifestyles. There is definitely a high psychographic variable involved in the purchase of an iPad, this comes mainly from lifestyle and motives being the biggest push for people to want to purchase this product. Apple focuss a lot of time and resources into making the iPad seem like it is a need rather than a want, with many online advertising campaigns and TV adverts. These all help to create the need for the iPad and appeal to the personal attributes of the customers. An example of this type of advertising is the Apple iPad Commercial TV Ad (Official) HD on YouTube listed below: 3.4 Behaviouristic The Definition: an approach to psychology focusing on behaviour, denying any independent significance for mind and assuming that behaviour is determined by the environment. The behaviouristic variables of the iPad are the pricing sensitivity, brand loyalty and benefit expectations, these are key in how the iPad has been able to reach such high sales targets. Buskirk E (2010) One million ipads in 28 days thats less than half of the 74 days it took to achieve this milestone with iphone, said Apple CEO Steve Jobs This quote from Steve Jobs show just how explosive the launch of the iPad was, most of these sales were by Apple addicts. These are people who compulsory buy Apple products and have very high brand loyalty with very little price sensitivity and high benefit expectations of achieving a new or high social status by owning the newest Apple gadget .The next lot of buyers in the months after have higher benefit expectations these people that believe they will be given a social status or hierarchy by owning an iPad. 4.0 Product life cycle (PLC) There are five distinct stages in the product life cycle: product development, introduction, growth, maturity and decline. This model is used to show the sale and profit stages or patterns in a products life cycle from finish to end. 4.1 Product Development This is when the company starts to develop and work on a new product idea or range; during this stage sales are zero with the company having to invest all the capital behind the product. During this stage of the product I would keep the product idea/range a secret because of how many other companies are looking to enter the market and with the Amazon kindle and Tablet pcs already having been released the iPad would need to be kept under wraps. 4.2 Introduction As a new product much time will be spent by the organisation to create awareness of it presence amongst its target market. Profits are negative or low because of this reason. My understanding is that the iPad skipped this stage because of Apples already large dedicated customer base and with the combination of Apples marketing strategies which they do very well. 4.3 Growth If consumers clearly feel that this product will benefit them in some way and they accept it, the organisation will see a period of rapid sales growth. This I believe is currently where the iPad is now with sales slowing down from the introduction phase but still rising and new features in terms of software updates such as reduced cost of games and applications through the introduction of iADs an advertising platform built into the ios 4 this is the operating system that the iPad currently runs on. At this stage you would want to keep up your marketing strategies and start to lower prices as at the start Apple used a price skimming technique because it was a monopoly market but as competitors enter the market this will push out and slow down the entrance of competition. 4.4 Maturity Rapid sales growth cannot last forever. Sales slow down as the product sales reaches its peak as it has been accepted by most buyers. At this stage you want to be using product mix pricing strategies, this will most likely be in the form of product line pricing, by releasing a new and updated version of the iPad or by optional product/service pricing. In Apples case this would be extended Apple care warranty or by combining the sale of the iPad with other Apple products to compliment the use of the iPad just as Apple wireless router the air port extreme. 4.5 Decline Sales and profits start to decline, the organisation may try to change their pricing strategy to stimulate growth however the product will either have to be re-modified, or replaced within the market. Conclusion

Kant and Moral Values Essay -- Philosophy Essays Papers

Kant says that moral values are ‘good without qualification.’ This assertion and similar remarks of Plato can be understood in terms of a return to moral data themselves in the following ways: 1. Moral values are objectively good and not relative to our judgments; 2. Moral goodness is intrinsic goodness grounded in the nature of acts and independent of our subjective satisfaction; 3. Moral goodness expresses in an essentially new and higher sense of the idea of value as such; 4. Moral Goodness cannot be abused like intellectual, aesthetic, temperamental and other values; 5. Moral values are good in that they never must be sacrificed for any other value, because they are incomparably higher and should absolutely and ‘first’ be sought for; 6. Moral goodness makes the person as such good; 7. All three different modes of participation in moral values are linked to the absolute, most ‘necessary’ and highest good for the person; 8. Moral Values are go ods "in the unrestricted sense" by being pure perfections in the sense that "neither in this world nor outside it" can we find anything that could be called good unqualifiedly except moral goodness which is absolutely better to possess than not to possess. 9. Moral Values are unconditionally good because they are never just ‘means’ towards ends. 10. Moral values imply a new type of ought which elucidates the ‘absolute sense’ in which they are good. Conclusion: These distinctions allow a better grasp of Kant and Plato as well as of a central ethical truth decisive for the moral education of humankind. Kant calls moral values the only values that are ‘good without qualification,’ and thereby states something very profound about morality. Let us read his great text in which he expresses ma... ...1961. S. 58-84. (8) See John Finnis, Fundamentals of Ethics (Oxford: Clarendon Press, 1983); see also the same author, Natural Law and Natural Rights (Oxford: Clarendon Press, 1980). (9) See on this Anselm von Canterbury. Monologion, ch. 15. See also Josef Seifert, Essere e persona. Verso una fondazione fenomenologica di una metafisica classica e personalistica. (Milano: Vita e Pensiero, 1989), ch. 5. (10) Also in Anselm the deepest meaning of ‘maius’ is a moral one. Compare my Gott als Gottesbeweis (Heidelberg: Università ¤tsverlag C. Winter, 1996), ch. 11. (11) See on this Ethics, 2nd edn (Chicago: Franciscan Herald Press, 1978), ch. 17-18; Josef Seifert, Josef Seifert, Essere e persona, cit., ch. 9. (12) On a sevenfold motivation of moral acts see Josef Seifert, Was ist und was motiviert eine sittliche Handlung? (Salzburg: Univ.Verlag A. Pustet, 1976).

Marketing and Company Culture Essay -- Analysis, Deshpande and Webste

This paper explores the various aspects of marketing and company culture and how both are interrelated within a functioning organization. Specifically, focus will be placed on the definition of company culture, the definition of marketing, how company culture and marketing are related, implementing both effectively, and finally a discussion of companies with excellent cultures. First, in order to have a complete understanding the relationship between marketing and company culture, one must know how company culture is defined. According to Leo Sin and Alan Tse, â€Å"Corporate culture has been defined as patterns of shared values and beliefs over time which produce behavioral norms that are adopted in solving problems† (295). Additionally, Debra Nelson and James Quick define organizational (corporate) culture as, â€Å"A pattern of basic assumptions that are considered valid and that are taught to new members as the way to perceive, think, and feel in the organization† (556). Furthermore, company culture is important because it facilitates higher efficiency, communication and collaboration between employees (Sathe, 9). In summary, the culture of an organization describes and determines how an organization and its employees will function in various situations. Beyond a definition of corporate culture, one also needs to look at how a company functions from a marketing perspective. According to the American Marketing Association, â€Å"Marketing is the activity, set of institutions, and processes for creating, communicating, delivering, and exchanging offerings that have value for customers, clients, partners, and society at large† (1). It can be seen clearly from this definition that marketing cannot be contained to merely advertising or a str... ...appos is another company recognized for a great culture and customer service. They have concentrated on maintaining the customer-centric view by pushing their marketing budget into developing customer service oriented culture and employees (Mickiewicz, 1). Both organizations have an understanding of the necessity of employee development and taking the viewpoint of the customer as Richard Drucker suggests. Through this research it can concluded that company culture not only affects and defines the company and the employees but marketing strategy as well. Furthermore, it would be beneficial to marketers and company executives alike for additional research to be conducted about how marketing can drive company culture and vice versa. However the empirical evidence of the numerous companies that already demonstrate excellent corporate culture and strategic marketing.

Characteristics of Successful College Students Essay

Health Psychology is a specialty that focuses on how different biological, psychological, social and behavioral factors influence the recovery of ones health and illnesses. The committee has set forth five specialists to collaborate on the study of the illness and to give specialized treatment in each area of recovery while dealing with such situations. (Cherry, 2000, p. 1) Each case is a specialized issue requiring treatment of each of the five different areas of Psychology input and or treatment. The five areas include a Psychologist that will work on specific issues that pertain to their area of study and or profession. The five Psychologist will include a Substance abuse counselor; Inpatient-only Psychologist; Child Psychologist; Adult Psychologist and finally a Rehabilitation Psychologist to focus on the after care portion of the recovery process. In the substance abuse counselor role, the abuse counselor will collaborate and coordinate the use of recovery programs and structured programs for substance abuse in conjunction with a social worker to aid in the assessment and to develop a plan of recovery for our patients. In this area the psychologist will clarify the frequency and duration of substance use if any and confirm the substance abuse pattern of the patient. The substance abuse counselor will also determine the severity of substance related problems in the last 12 months. The counselor will then determine if there was ever any substance abuse treatment history and review any medications and medical conditions of the patients. Once this process is complete the substance abuse counselor will do an in depth assessment, complete a family interview and give specialized treatment diagnosis, followed by continued therapy to prevent relapse of substance abuse. The substance abuse counselor will then forward necessary information about the patient to the Inpatient-only Psychologist. The Inpatient-only Psychologist will then Diagnose stress disorders and aid in stress-relief interventions, and utilize various methods to facilitate adjustment and coping skills with patients suffering a chronic or terminal illness. The inpatient-only psychologist will also contribute to improving in patient health by helping the patient and his or her families learn coping methods to deal with their illness. Providing specific inpatient therapies and services to the patients admitted to the hospital is a necessary portion of the recovery process for the patients. Many patients have been admitted into the hospital because they lack certain self-help skills and will to kick their habit. Being an inpatient will also help the individual and their family members by giving family therapy sessions and individual therapy sessions to the patients. Once the sessions are complete the individual will be referred to specific support groups if they choose to participate in this portion of the treatment process. In addition, the role of the inpatient-only psychologist will also give support to the improvement and the maintenance of the patient’s recovery by helping the patients adjust to their illness and help them learn to maintain their usual lifestyle. The Inpatient-only Psychologist will then forward necessary document to continue treatment with a Child Psychologist for child patients, and an Adult Psychologist for adult patients. The Child Psychologist will provide psychological preparation methods for children prior to medical procedures, and Collaborate with local schools. The child psychologist will also give insight to children and families on how to prepare for hospitalization if needed. The need for such preparation is a prediction on the belief that hospitalizations and surgery are traumatic, anxiety-producing experiences for children and their families, which can lead to long-term psychological disturbances. (Journal of Pediatric Psychology, 1976, p.226-30) Various methods will be used to provide the child and his or her family with information about the hospital and the procedure or operation. If needed a nurse or social worker will be provided to visit the child at home before he or she comes to the hospital. The nurse will be able to answer and questions the child and his or her family may have about the hospital and the procedure that will follow. If necessary the nurse and or child psychologist will provide a pamphlet explaining the forth-coming hospitalization and surgery, which they can read to the child before he or she comes to the hospital. Lastly if necessary the child psychologist can set up visits for the child to be able to visit the hospital prior to admission to become familiar with the setting and the hospital staff to get another form of comfort. Pharmaceutical treatment methods are going to be necessary in this case. Pharmaceutical treatment methods will provide the child with things such as antidepressants, muscle relaxes and anti-inflammatory medications to help control some of the symptoms they are experiencing after surgery is complete. Behavioral and cognitive treatment methods are also necessary to give the child other options than drugs to treat some of the mental issues in dealing with life after surgery. The patient may need to consult with a psychologist and other health care professional to deal with chronic symptoms. In looking at treatment methods to cope with pain its good that there are more than one treatment option available. Depending on the pain and the severity of the pain, more than one treatment method may be necessary An Adult Psychologist will provide psychological preparation methods for adults prior to medical procedures and surgery. Various methods will be used to provide the child and his or her family with information about the hospital and the procedure or operation. If needed a nurse or social worker will be provided to visit the child at home before he or she comes to the hospital. The nurse will be able to answer and questions the child and his or her family may have about the hospital and the procedure that will follow. Pharmaceutical treatment methods are going to be necessary in this case as well. Pharmaceutical treatment methods will provide the patient with things such as antidepressants, muscle relaxes and anti-inflammatory medications to help control some of the symptoms they are experiencing after surgery is complete. The Adult Psychologist will help the patient cope to adjustments needed to deal with a chronic or terminal illness. The Adult Psychologist will also help the adult improve adherence to medical regimens. Using such behavioral methods such as tailoring the regimen to make it as compatible with the patients habits and rewarding him or her for following the given regimen can and will help to improve patient compliance. The adult psychologist will also work with the adult patient to focus on understanding how they will react to, cope with and recover from their illness. In looking at treatment methods to cope with pain its good that there are more than one treatment option available. Depending on the pain and the severity of the pain, more than one treatment method may be necessary. Surgical treatment options in my opinion are the option that should be chosen should all else fail. Surgical treatment options will require more extensive after care procedures and needs. This is where the final psychologist comes into play. The final Psychologist that I choose will be a Rehabilitation Psychologist. The Rehabilitation Psychologist will work with the child or adult to get a comprehensive evaluation to assist the rehabilitation team with meeting the patients needs. The rehabilitation psychologist will build a team to assist the patient with cognitive, behavioral, physical, emotional, social and other needs after being released from the hospital. The rehabilitation psychologist will contribute in improvement in overall patient health by helping the patient relate better with their world. The rehabilitation process will be an ongoing process in which the patient will interact with the rehabilitation team to develop a plan for full recovery whether physical, mental, emotional or social therapy is the key aspect. Each of the five psychologists will work together to ensure that the proper care and after care procedures are met for each patient during their inpatient stay at the facility. The psychologist will work together to improve patient stays at the facility and make sure that no page is left unturned, to also ensure one hundred percent recovery rates. Patients and their families will be required to attend group sessions to be able to better develop a plan of care for the patient in the aid to better their chances for recovery. During the process the psychologist will attend weekly meetings to work together to better understand the patients behavioral, physical, and emotional or social needs. Behavioral treatment options can come in many forms. It may come in the form of consulting with a psychologist to discuss issues that are going on. Other options may include group sessions to speak openly about depressive and or other emotional feelings that one is coping with regarding their current well being. Cognitive therapy is a treatment option that focuses on helping patients deal with a specific portion of the problem. With this type of treatment, patients focus on identifying and changing destructive and disturbing thought patterns. Having a portion of all of the listed behavioral treatment options can help with different portions of treatment when it comes to illness such as hospital stays and surgeries. In all of the cases of illnesses more than one treatment option is needed. Having all of the five listed Psychologist will contribute to overall patient health. The substance abuse counselor will contribute to improvement by getting the patient off drugs or give the patient hope and confidence in their current situation. The Inpatient-only psychologist will provide treatment for chronic pain and utilize various methods to facilitate adjustment and coping skills, and also improve in overall patient help by helping the patient cope with the illness. A child psychologist will no only consult with the child prior to the medical procedures and surgery, but will also contribute by preparing the patient adequately for a procedure. And adult psychologist will also consult with the adults prior to the medical procedures and prepare the patient adequately for a procedure. And lastly the rehabilitation psychologist will help adults and children with any physical or mental limitation that occur after and or before surgery buy implementing a daily rehabilitation plan to improve their functionability. With all of the five psychologists working together on a team to contribute to therapy and aftercare treatment there should be 100% patient and family satisfaction. This is to ensure that no treatment desired or needed is overlooked. Each psychologist will assess the information given from the previous to determine they are all on the same track for recovery method for each patient. Each patient will be dealt with individually and will not have a considerable diagnosis without full assessment from each of the five-listed psychologist to ensure they have the proper plan to help promote improvement in overall patient health. References (). Managing and Controlling Clinical Pain. In (pp. 319-342). University of Phoenix American Accreditation Health Care Commission (n. d. ). Retrieved January 14,2010, from www. healthcentral. com American Behavioral Scientist (1994). Challenges for the 21st Century. Special Issue. Retrieved 07/10/10, from www. healthypeople. gov Cherry, K. (2000). What is Health Psychology. Retrieved January 28,2011, from www. about. com Journal of Pediatric Psychology. (1976). Preparation of Children for Hospitalization (Vol. 1 No. 4 ed. ). Missouri: Author.

Inclusive Practice Essay

Inclusive Practice is a term which means the practical things that we do, when we are working with people who use our services, which demonstrate our professional values, standards, and principles in action. In particular Inclusive Practice is about participation, collaboration, and including people: where individuals are fully involved in choices and decisions that affect their lives and in the matters that are important to them. People who use mental health services say that being listened to, having their individual needs taken account of, and staff attitudes and values is a very important part of keeping well (Dunglas Research Project, 2005). The experience of participation is often as important as the end result. Participation itself may be an outcome. Inclusive Practice can benefit staff through sharing knowledge and learning new and effective ways of working with people. People who use services bring new ideas, and we are able to respond from a more informed position. Inclusive Practice is good practice, and is also about a human rights and anti-discriminatory approach to mental health. Inclusive practice underpins anti-discriminatory practice and is the practical way in which we put our equality policies/agenda into action. * The learners. All learners are citizens and have rights and entitlements. They should be treated fairly regardless of race, religion or abilities. This applies no matter: – what they think or say – what type of family they come from – what language(s) they speak – what their parents do – whether they are girls or boys whether they have a disability or whether they are rich or poor. All learners have an equal right to be listened to and valued in the setting. * Equality and diversity My understanding of diversity is broad – it encompasses gender, race, age, disability, linguistic differences, learning abilities, sexual orientation, socio-economic status and cultural background and so much more. Inclusive practice is understood to be attitudes, approaches and strategies taken to ensure that students are not excluded or isolated from the learning environment because of any of these characteristics. As a tutor, my role is to ensure that all students feel welcome, accepted, safe, listened to, valued and confident that they can participate in all activities. I need to be sensitive to the needs of all students. I am the protagonist in setting the culture of my tutorial and thus able to set parameters for creating a learning culture which recognises and honours student diversity. I have very diverse groups of students in my lessons. My approach to this as a tutor is influenced by my own experiences and assumptions and, in some instances, those of other students. It is useful to reflect on this, as perhaps I may carry some negative or fixed ideas into the classroom. I need to be aware (beware) of my own generalisations and stereotypes and those perpetuated by others. I consider these suggestions for inclusive teaching: – When I ask a question, I make eye contact with all students – When listening to a response, I listen attentively – I treat each student as an individual – I call on all students by name where possible – I make an effort to learn names – I intervene when students show disrespect for another student – I use small groups to foster collaborative learning I encourage students to share their varied perspectives and experiences & create a supportive environment in which this can occur – I encourage students to know and listen to each other. – I avoid stories, jokes and comments that denigrate others * Lesson planning The group of learners I teach is a group of individual s who have own needs and abilities as far as learning is concerned. While planning a lesson I take into consideration learners’ needs and their ability to perform during the lesson. To maximize learning opportunity for individuals I differentiate the lesson so that each of learners is not left behind and has a chance to learn something from a lesson. Considering learners’ previous educational experience and various teaching and learning strategies I create a lesson plan to facilitate a learning opportunity. * Teacher as a motivator As mentioned above, being prepared for a lesson through carefully designing lesson plan, a teacher motivates learners to participate in the lesson. Teacher’s attitude is also crucial. Being enthusiastic and positive to what he/she is teaching places learners in a position to class a teacher as an expert of the subject he/she is teaching. Constructive feedback and being a good listener ensures learners that they were listened to. To become a successful teacher, a candidate needs to take interests in learners, needs to find a connection with them by being approachable and accessible at any time they need him. Getting learners involved in the lesson and encouraging them to help each other reinforces their learning and helps to check if they know what they are doing. A teacher is responsible for providing a challenging but supportive learning environment so learners can see how much they know and what skills they need to develop. Using a range of teaching strategies and audio visual aids provides variation to a lesson and helps to deliver it to learners in a meaningful way. References: Dunglas Research Project, 2005 Reece I & Walker S (2003) Teaching, Training and Learning Roffey-Barentsen J & Malthouse R (2009) Reflective Practice in the Lifelong Learning Sector. Learning Matters.

A Case Study Of Forced Migration

A Case Study Of Forced Migration The International Organisation for Migration (IOM) defines Forced migration (or displacement of people, another term that will be used in this paper), a global issue estimating one of every thirty-five persons in the world to be a migrant. At the end of 2008, there were some estimates putting 42 million forcibly displaced people worldwide. Only half of those individuals were receiving assistance and protection from the UNHCR. The number of people displaced within their country as a result of armed conflict is estimated at 26 million, and again half of them were protected or assisted by the UNHCR. Some 12 million stateless persons were identified worldwide, children represent 44 per cent of refugees and asylum seekers and women and girls representing 47 per cent.   [ 1 ]   According to Willis, the number of international migrants increased double with 190.6 million, Europe standing for the largest share of international migrants where people in the other European countriesâ€℠¢ movement within the European Union members States between 1970 and 2005   [ 2 ]   . 1.6 million Chinese immigrants in the United States made them the country’s fourth-largest immigrant group in 2008   [ 3 ]   . It says that 2000 Philippines leaves for overseas each day for the lack of employment according to a Philippine organisation   [ 4 ]   . There are also people forced to move as a result of policies and projects to enhance development, example being infrastructure projects such dams, parks, roads   [ 5 ]   . These above figures show the displacement is a direct result of war, conflict, natural disasters, poverty, and economic, political or social issues, compelling these individuals in response to flee for a better protected life somewhere else. To bear in mind, many of these people are not as successful and find themselves trapped in these circumstances for a long time if not ever. Under article 13 and 14 of Universal Declaration of Human Rights (UDHR ) declare the rights of seeking and enjoying asylum. This is one of the earliest human rights instrument to develop establishing universal standards for the protection of persons. Following the UDHR and among other existing treaties and conventions within the international human rights system   [ 6 ]   , the 1951 Refugee Convention was adopted and together with its 1967 Protocol, the Convention was placed to recognise the entitlement, benefits and rights of refugees and asylum seekers in States. Other treaties and relevant conventions   [ 7 ]   , such the International Covenant on Civil and Political Rights (ICCPR) provides in article 2 that â€Å"Each State Party to the present Covenant undertakes to ensure to all individuals within its territory and subject to its jurisdiction the rights recognized in the present Covenant without distinction of any kind, such as race, colour, sex, language, religion, political or other opinion, national or social origin, property, birth o r other status†. It is to say that the host countries, which have ratified the Convention, have duty to not only comply with the implementation of the respective provisions but also to take positive measures to ensure the protection of the refugees and asylum seekers. To comprehend what forced migration is, it is significant that one must first identify and understand the concept of migration, then recognise and examine who is a migrant and which group falls under which category of the term. According to the National Geographic, migration (human) is the movement of people from one place to another for the reason of taking up semi or permanent residence usually across a political border. People can either migrate voluntarily or involuntary be forced to migrate because of dissimilar reasons. A well acknowledged type of migration is the rural to urban movement, people on the move from rural area to the metropolis. However migration also takes place within countries, continents an d region. There are many different types of migration including internal and external migration, step and chain migration, return and seasonal migration. But the focus in this paper is dominantly on population transfer or forced migration, namely refugees and migrants. Forced migrants are usually people forced to leave their homes to seek better living standards, such employment and population transfer is another term used to define forced migration where a government drive a massive group of people out of the country based on ethnicity, religion or other political factors and causes   [ 8 ]   .